Shutter Speed
Shutter speed, also known as “exposure time”, stands for the length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor. If the shutter speed is fast, it can help to freeze action completely, as seen in the above photo of the dolphin. If the shutter speed is slow, it can create an effect called “motion blur”, where moving objects appear blurred along the direction of the motion. This effect is used quite a bit in advertisements of cars and motorbikes, where a sense of speed and motion is communicated to the viewer by intentionally blurring the moving wheels. Aperture
Simply put, aperture is a hole within a lens, through which light travels into the camera body. It is easier to understand the concept if you just think about our eyes. Every camera that we know of today is designed like human eyes. The cornea in our eyes is like the front element of a lens – it gathers all external light, then bends it and passes it to the iris. Depending on the amount of light, the iris can either expand or shrink, controlling the size of the pupil, which is a hole that lets the light pass further into the eye. The pupil is essentially what we refer to as aperture in photography. The amount of light that enters the retina (which works just like the camera sensor), is limited to the size of the pupil – the larger the pupil, the more light enters the retina. So, the easiest way to remember aperture, is by associating it with your pupil. Large pupil size equals large aperture, while small pupil size equals small aperture. Examples of ISO
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Exposure Triangle
The exposure triangle refers to the relationship among three settings which affect the shutter speed, the sensitivity of the camera sensor, and the depth of focus. Making a change to any one of the settings will affect the other two settings. If you increase the shutter speed, less light will hit your camera's sensor, so to compensate, you either need to increase the sensitivity or open the aperture further. ISO In very basic terms, ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to available light. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive it is to the light, while a higher ISO number increases the sensitivity of your camera. The component within your camera that can change sensitivity is called “image sensor” or simply “sensor”. It is the most important (and most expensive) part of a camera and it is responsible for gathering light and transforming it into an image. With increased sensitivity, your camera sensor can capture images in low-light environments without having to use a flash. But higher sensitivity comes at an expense – it adds grain or “noise” to the pictures. |
This picture is under exposed. I need to use the Exposure Level Indicator to increase the light.
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This picture has the correct exposure. I need to be able to balance the exposure like this every time.
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This picture is over exposed and I must never do this again. I need to use the Exposure Level Indicator to decrease the light.
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Here, everything is the clear, there is no blur anywhere
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In this photo, you can see that there is a greater Depth of Field. The leaves at the back are blury while the front is very clear.
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Here, you can see that the back is in focus while the front is a blur.
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Here, the shutter speed is bigger and the image, which is caught in mid-air, is clearer.
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Compared to the image on the left, there is a smaller shutter speed and the basketball is blurrier.
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